The United States Juvenile Justice Court Was Based On The

The United States juvenile justice court was based on the English parens patriae adopted in the United States as part of the legal tradition of England. But the efforts of the state to rehabilitate juvenile offenders with institutional treatment with the houses of refuge and reformatories failed. Today, the United States has 51 different juvenile court systems; the laws and statutes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Thus, each state’s approach to handle the youth offenders is responsible for how the youth offenders will experience the justice system. Both the past and the present approaches to deal with juvenile offenders have shaped today’s juvenile justice system. According to Bartollas and Miller (2017), the medieval traditions†¦show more content†¦But by the end of the Civil War the reform schools became prisons because the industrialization changed the family environment to a vocational education. According to Schiraldi and Drizin (1999), the first juvenile court in the United States was founded in Chicago in 1899 after a young lawyer named John Altgeld toured the House of Corrections and found hundreds of children as young as 8 years old jailed with adults. The Cook County Juvenile Court was created to rehabilitate instead of punishing the offenders under 16 years of age. In other words, for the juvenile court judges to treat rather than to punish juveniles placing attention on the offender instead of the offense. Most importantly, for the children to receive a second chance and keep them away from the adults in jails. Certainly, â€Å"jails and prisons clearly were no places for children† (Bartollas Miller, 2017, p.5). Per Klug (2001) by 1925, 48 states had juvenile courts closely following the Chicago Juvenile Court. But â€Å"changes were made when the policy makers and the public were dissatisfied with the effectiveness of the treatment techniques available to juvenile justice practitioners† resulting in waiver situations instead of adjudication (Klug, 2001, p. 100). The juvenile court system started moving away from rehabilitating a child, instead it was looking like the adult criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty For Juveniles1169 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Death Penalty for Juveniles Capital punishment for juveniles is one of the most controversial topics to ever be explored in society and in the criminal justice system. The death penalty is a rare occurrence amongst juveniles since it is so arguable as to whether they should be tried as adults. Lynn Cothern from the Juvenile Justice Resource Center suggests that â€Å"the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system is to hold juvenile offenders accountable for delinquent acts whileRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pagesyou will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first published in the late 1760s, was admired by the United State s founders. There was an important section in Blackstone’sRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, I will be discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the di fferent community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems shareRead MoreMiller V. Alabama1421 Words   |  6 Pages Miller v. Alabama The United States Supreme Court consists of eight associate justices and one chief justice who are petitioned more than 5,000 times a year to hear various cases (Before the Court in Miller V. Alabama, 2012). At its discretion, the Supreme Court selects which cases they choose to review. Some of the selected cases began in the state court system and others began in the federal court system. On June 25, 2012 the justices of the Supreme Court weighed in on the constitutionalityRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Criminal Justice Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simple as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison lifeRead MorePretrial Diversion Programs919 Words   |  4 PagesDiversion Programs In the United States, over 90,000 juveniles are incarcerated in juvenile justice facilities. To house 90,000 juveniles, majority non-violent offenders, it costs the states roughly 5.7 billion dollars annually. â€Å"With states facing serious budgetary constraints, it is an opportune time or policymakers to consider ways to reduce juvenile justice spending that won’t compromise public safety.† In the effort to reduce juvenile justice costs, community-based programs known as pretrialRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Juvenile Justice System1395 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Justice System Introduction Since the human community has scratched its marks of existence on the face of the world, there remained a need for laws and regulations to maintain peace and order in the society. As humans progressed, these laws obtained a sophisticated visage and began to get documented as an official set of rules that applies to all the people. These regulations primarily devised a code of conduct that elucidated the desirable and undesirable actions and practices within theRead More Juvenile Justice Essay881 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile Justice nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Juvenile Justice System as it typically functions in Americas thousands of jurisdictions is the subject that will be covered. The Juvenile Justice System is defined as that quot;sociolegal process having responsibility and authority for public reaction to current juvenile delinquency and deterrence of future juvenile delinquency, including within that process the public and private agents, agencies, laws, rules, and policies having to do withRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe origins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adults

John Is A Student That Is On The Autism Spectrum - 2372 Words

John is a student that is on the autism spectrum, who is getting ready to transition from elementary school to middle school. According to John’s doctor’s notes, he has been diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder, sensory processing disorder, and a speech and language disorder (Apraxia). The Apraxia has led to him having slow speech and trouble communicating. Due to his slowed speech at such a young age, John has had speech and language services since before he entered the school system. Mrs. Smith, the school speech therapist, writes that since she started seeing John 2 years ago, he has made significant progress. But because his communication is a trigger for his frustration, and he gets especially frustrated when people†¦show more content†¦16). John’s inclusion has proven to be the right choice for him so far, and John is thriving in school. John’s teachers express that when given high expectations, John accepts these expectations and succeeds. He has shown great improvement over the last couple of months, and he is very enjoyable to have in class. John’s special education teachers state that John is good at Math. Math is his best subject. Though he still struggles, once he gets the math process, he requires little to no help. Memorization is hard for him, so he struggles with his math facts, but he will get there. He does struggle with reading and writing, and he will need to have extra time to complete assignments, and he will require support. Overall, John is a wonderful student, and he tries to please his teachers. John says he is excited about his school and all his friends. John’s parents express that John seems to do well, at school and home, on days when he feels like he can and is ab le to participate, in his general education classroom. Also, John’s teacher notices his behavior is better, and he has fewer meltdowns, when other students are patient, include him in their group work and play with him at recess. John has one friend that is very helpful. He can calm John down sometimes before he escalates. John’s parents and teachers hope this friend can be in some of John’s classes in middle school. John’s mother expressedShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Etiology of Autism1313 Words   |  6 Pagesof 1 in 110 children have an autism spectrum disorder, â€Å"ASD† (Nirv, Shah 2011). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, up to six out of every 1,000 children may be diagnosed with some form of autism. In addition, boys are four times more likely than girls to have autism. This means that as many as 1.5 million Americans today are believed to have some form of autism. Unfortunately, the numbers appear to be increasing rapidly. Autism is a disability that frequentlyRead MoreThe Theory Of Behaviorism And Autism Specialist962 Words   |  4 Pageschild can be taught to want to do it. 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In 1957, John was born in Athens, Georgia (Robison, 1). When he was bornRead MoreHistory of Autism, ASD, and AD1632 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Autism, ASD, and AD Leo Kanner, a doctor at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the first self-described child-psychiatrist, first described what we now know to be autism in his 1943 paper titled, Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact. He described a disorder similar to, but distinct from childhood schizophrenia. Autism, taken from symptoms of schizophrenia, described withdrawn symptoms or social interaction problems, and was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersRead MoreUse of Applied Behavior Analysis to Support Language Development in Children with Autism1508 Words   |  7 Pageswho can benefit from applied behavior analysis include students with learning disabilities and behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, or behavior problems that are not disabled can benefit from applied behavior analysis. Also, ABA is well noted among researchers of autism as a method that can be effective for autistic children. (About.com) Autism is known as a complex developmental disability. Experts believe that Autism presents itself during the first three years of a person’sRead MoreAsperger’s Disorder Essay examples1385 Words   |  6 PagesAmazingly, one percent of new births will have some type of autism (Autism Society of America, 2010). Asperger’s disorder is one type of Autism, and is at the high end of these disorders. This â€Å"disorder, which is also called Aspergers syndrome (AS) or autistic psychopathy, belongs to a group of childhood disorders known as pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) or autistic spectrum disorders†(Exkorn, 2006). A characteristic of this disorder is harsh and strict disruption of a certain type ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children And Adults Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Autism AP 226 BD 12/06/2016 Elizabeth Kimbrough â€Æ' Imagine how you would feel not being able to express yourself, or not being understood by others. Think of all the struggles you may go through. This is how many children and adults that are living with Autism feel today. Autism is a serious disease that needs a cure to better the lives of children and adults. Autism is the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are many questions being asked about Autism. 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Cultural Sensitivity Awareness Acceptance †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cultural Sensitivity Awareness Acceptance? Answer: Introducation Cultural sensitivity is being aware that people are different and that ones culture is not better than the other is. In other words, cultural sensitivity is the awareness and acceptance of other peoples culture. Mental health services should be made accessible to all and they should focus on cultural needs (Spector 2015). It is important for nurses to have a cultural approach to care for culturally diverse patients. For instance, during my practice as a mental nurse, Jane a 25- year old Aboriginal woman was admitted to the mental hospital for schizophrenia. She was going through delusions and hallucinations about spirits of her dead parents talking to her. She does not speak English, but she speaks broken English and she appears to comprehend everything she is told. She appears not to have taken a shower for a while. When a male nurse approached her to make her take shower, she responded to him aggressively. She is already feeling unsafe by the male nurses action. Already, the patient is feeling that the nurse does not respect her culture. In this case, as a nurse, it is imperative for me to respect the cultural values of other people especially my clients in order to ensure efficiency in healthcare delivery (Ekman and Emami 2017). Reference List Ekman, S.L. and Emami, A., 2017. Cultural diversity in health care.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences,21(4), pp.417-418. Spector, R.E., 2015. Cultural diversity in health and illness.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,13(3), pp.197-199.

Financial Accounting Favorable Financial Market

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting for Favorable Financial Market. Answer: Introduction Before the year of 2007, the global markets enjoyed favorable financial market conditions due to private equity boom. However, the Global Financial Crisis in the second half of 2007 resulted in an integrated and continuing crisis of financial that remains unresolved. Evidence suggests that there were several Australian companies have already been collapsed after suffering financial difficulties (Lu et al. 2013). During the circumstances, several numbers of investors have been suffering considerable losses in the capital market of Australia. To highlight the similar business conditions in the past, it is definitely necessary to understand the reason behind such recent corporate collapses in Australia such as HIH Insurance, One.Tel and ABC Learning. Based on the diverse scenarios which putting companies into liquidation, this assignment will find out the consequences and aftermath of events related to the corporate collapses. The purpose of the report is to understand factors that influence the winding up order and breaches of corporate ethics and governance during the period of financial stress. At the initial stage, the assignment will highlight the causes of corporate collapses considering the case scenarios of companies which are mentioned above. In the second part, issues like ethics and governance will be explained which significantly breaches during the financial stress period. Lastly, the significant influence of liabilities in the contribution to the liquidation of the company will also incorporate in this assignment. Discussion: Case scenarios of companies that led up to the liquidation There are several companies have recently faced the adverse financial conditions and later financial collapses. The process of liquidation unfolds different regulatory consequences. Most of the companies have not been able to mitigate their financial obligations when they fell due. In other words, the lack of financial disclosures, ignorance of fundamentals of sound accounting principles is the common features of financial crisis (Guariglia, Spaliara and Tsoukas 2015). The collapse of ABC learning is the perfect example of what happens when the accounting entities does not follow fundamental accounting principles in their due courses. At the end of 2006, ABC Learning was trading on the share market with the value of $8.60 and performed around one in five child care in Australia. Within the two years time span, the shares were valued around 54 cents and the company was placed in the hands of administrators. Later it was observed that ABC learning has wiped out the uncertain claims to represent huge profit at the end of the fiscal year. The company was not considered the amount of annualized interest bill of $12 million. Now the scale of profits reported by ABC Learning is a matter of questionable accounting practices because the misstatement of revenues and earnings in the half year accounts has been main cause of this corporate collapse (Titman 2013). ABCs aggressive acquisitions and the representation of the false intangible assets put the company into the liquidation (Sumsion 2012). In other sense, the exaggerated values of assets and the crisis of liquidity at the end of the entitys report were the main causes of the financial debacle of this child care provider. The incredible fall of HIH Insurance is another case scenario where the entity faced the huge debt in the year of 2001. This is one of the biggest corporate collapses where the insurance company collapsed with debt of about $5.3 billion (Townsend 2008). It was found later that the company transformed their losses into gain by under-reserving and applying the financial reinsurance contracts. During the expansion phase, the company distracted the interest of investors for the aggressive acquisitions made by the company and finishing in paying $300 million for FAI Insurances in the year of 1998. At the time of takeover, both HIH Insurance and FAI were insolvent commercially, although the company was represented a false impression to their stakeholders. The statement of performance of HIH was shown strong financial condition made the entire financial report inaccurate. After the liquidation of HIH, the Australian economy faced the same financial crisis with the corporate collapse of OneTel. This telecommunications company in Australia faced the operating loss of AU$291 million in 2000. According to Titman (2013) both companies faced problems including unstable business strategies, aggressive reporting of financials, poor auditing and unsatisfied corporate governance and less effective working capital mechanism. It was reported that the fundamental problem at both the companies was the individual eagerness in chasing low yield business without the planning of adequate working capital to mitigate the future obligations. Many of the market participants and shareholders of companies confirmed that HIH was faced difficulties due to its aggressive acquisition strategy. On the other hand, the inadequate corporate governance was the major factor of business liquidation of One Tel. Despite the company having the strong position in seven countries with the f igure of annual sales of $Au$653 at the time of the companys winding up offer ensured that OneTel had a dangerous conflict between maximization of profit and the implementation of the sound procedure of corporate governance (Guariglia Spaliara. and Tsoukas 2015). Factors of ethics and governance in the companys financial crisis By the framework of ethical considerations and the sound corporate governance, the reporting entities represent the corporate social responsibilities and financial truth to their shareholders (Tricker 2015). It is all about the control of the power and responsibilities enforcing the values of transparency, professionalism and majority of collective actions that helps to develop the ethical conduct (Bainbridge 2012). In all the above mentioned case scenarios, companies associated with the corporate collapses were failed to maintained transparent financial records and violated the general framework and guidelines of managers of large companies. The associated inherent risk with the valuation of the assets were ignored by the management of ABC Learning is a sense of lack of ethics because the organization was not maintained sound accounting practices and uphold their ethical responsibilities. Furthermore, it was said by Dr Philip Ross, the accounting head of the University of Western Sydney explained the financial debacle of ABC Learning as the failure of regulatory and accounting processes. This can be said that the corporate ethics and governance can lead the financial crisis and inflated the situation of liquidation (Sumsion 2012). The founder of Eddy Groves never concerned about the corporate governance and thus, made ABC Learning into the number of related party transactions under his control. For instance, ABC paid Austock, the broking firm for receiving stake of $27 million in transaction fees. Similarly, the company paid for the untendered renovation and maintenance services of Queensland of the amount of $74 million . To clarify all the transactions, the company always argued that all the mentioned transactions were conducted at arms length. However, the investors failed that it is completely an example of poor corporate governance activities that negative influence the reputation of the company and reduced the level of investors confidence. Moreover ABCs auditor Ernst Young revealed a lot of deliberate attempts to accelerate the revenue at the end of the reporting period. For instance, the auditor identified that the management of ABC Learning reported the compensation payments from the premium developers as the revenue. The sub-standard maintenance of books of account was one of the prime ethical issues in the case of ABC Learning. On the other hand, a number of Directors were found guilty for breaching their duties as directors under the Act of Corporations. After the financial debacle, the significant involvement in the unfair accounting practices of the management people, made them liable for substantial financial penalties. It was pointed out by several journals that all these act of HIH insurance was the example of the breach of ethical behavior (Gillespie and Hurley 2013). However the glaring corporate deficiencies which resulted in the downfall of the HIH came as a shock by many of the observers because the company was maintained a conservative corporate culture over the long period of time. Nevertheless, the aggressive acquisition strategy of HIH Insurance Company never satisfied the interest of shareholders and the firms financial difficulties was largely attributed to these kinds of approaches and financial dilemmas during the maintenance of governance procedures of the corporation. Thus, it was inevi table that the financial crisis of the company was accelerated by the failure of ethical consideration and lack of effectiveness in terms of enforcement and monitoring practices of due diligence (Gillespie and Hurley 2013). Similarly, OneTel collapsed due to number corporate governance failures. Primarily, the two board of directors had excessive control over the decision making procedures among the other board members of the company. Secondly, the lack of financial disclosures had created dissatisfaction among the large investors. OneTel led the investors interest down because the board of directors extensively towards the direction of the CEOs and other executive members of the company instead of large shareholders. This was the reason, the company was not disclosed their true financial position at the time when the firm itself became insolvent. This is the perfect example of the ethical breach and poor governance of the management. Thirdly, the non-executive directors of OneTel w ere failed to maintain an ineffective role due to close association of the CEOs. Furthermore, there was a huge conflict between the management and auditors of the company due to its provision of non-audit services to the firm. Lastly, it was a complete corporate governance failure that the board of directors were not functioned independently and was not able to control the action of management behavior maintaining the efficiency. The above discussion clearly indicates that organization may face financial crisis if business or financial leaders does not follow sound accounting practices and uphold the ethical duties. Importance of liabilities in the context of liquidation of companies The liabilities are indeed a major factor in the context of liquidation of corporate entities. In the most of the liquidation cases, companies found guilty due to undisclosed liabilities in their statement of financial performance (Aras 2016). Inabilities of meeting their liabilities have been found a major factor during the initial stages of financial crisis for the corporations. In the case of the HIH Insurance, the company failed to recover the debt of about $5.3 billion. On the other hand, ABC Learning was placed in the hands of administrators due to scare of liquidity and less adequate working capital management of the company (Shann 2016). Thus both the companies failed to mitigate such huge debts and have found the winding up as an only option. It has also been found that there were significant disparities in terms of the quality of the managerial oversights and control procedures which largely generates the financial obligations over the period of time. Therefore, the liabili ties can be considered as the major factor to the winding up of the firm. Conclusion: As per the ASX guidelines, the companies needs to maintain the best practice approach in corporate governance at the time of the representation of the financial performance of the comapnay in front of stakeholders. The cases of HIH, OneTel and ABC Learning demonstrated that ethical consideration and strong corporate governance can protect companies to the financial crisis. By maintaining the relevant corporate legislation and voluntary codes, the companies need to be practiced during the difficult financial condition of reporting entities. References: Aras, G., 2016, June. Agency Theory: Explaining or Creating Problems? Good Governance and Ethical Behaviour for Sustainable Business. In 28th Annual Meeting. Sase. Bainbridge, S.M., 2012. Corporate governance after the financial crisis. Oxford University Press. Gillespie, N. and Hurley, R., 2013. 8. Trust and the global financial crisis. Handbook of advances in trust research, p.177. Guariglia, A., Spaliara, M.E. and Tsoukas, S., 2015. To what extent does the interest burden affect firm survival? Evidence from a panel of UK firms during the recent financial crisis. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Lu, X., Lu, X., Guan, H. and Ye, L., 2013. Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ rise building induced by extreme earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 42(5), pp.705-723. Shann, E., 2016. An economic history of Australia. Cambridge University Press. Sumsion, J., 2012. ABC Learning and Australian early education and care: a retrospective ethical audit of a radical experiment. Childcare markets local and global: can they deliver an equitable service, pp.209-225. Titman, S., 2013. Financial markets and investment externalities. The Journal of Finance, 68(4), pp.1307-1329. Townsend, J. 2008. International Co-operation in Cross-Border Insolvency: HIH Insurance. Modern Law Review, 71(5), pp.811-822. Tricker, B., 2015. Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA.

Who is most responsible for Eva Smiths death Essay Example

Who is most responsible for Eva Smiths death Paper The opening scene to the play An Inspector Calls is vitally important as this is where the audience is introduced to the different characters, where their actions, expression, the way they speak, their appearance. All these affect the audiences impression of the character. The playwright J B Priestley creates in the first scene a dramatic impact, for us to get a certain prejudice against the character of Mr. Birling through dramatic irony. In the first scene we learn to a great extent the personality traits of the different members of the family. This plays a major role in the plot because we find all the members of the family treated Eva Smith in the way they thought were suitable; Mr. Birling as usual shifts the blame of her death unto other characters. The playwright has written this play to make a political point, and gain support for his socialist ideas from the audience. In this essay I intend to show who was most responsible for Evas death and why and to suggest how J B Priestley uses this play to make political point. At the time the play was written, the world was going through a very important political phase. It was first performed a week before World War Two ended and set before World War One. J B Priestley wrote this play as he saw an urgent need for social change and used the play to express his desire for social equality. The time span between the dates used (1912-1945) is to make us aware of what has happened and learn from mistakes that were made in history. Priestley purposefully wrote the play in hindsight, as this was very effective at looking at the mistakes Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is most responsible for Eva Smiths death specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who is most responsible for Eva Smiths death specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who is most responsible for Eva Smiths death specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Birling (a conservative upper class gentleman) made, especially when he talks of the three issues; war which is never going to happen, the Titanic which will not sink and the miners who will not strike. All these issues did took place and the audience have known of these facts. J B Priestley has written this play to send a message to the people of the middle-class in Britain to educate them on the difficulties suffered by the working class. Priestley presents the character Mr. Birling to the audience as very pretentious and arrogant. He uses dramatic irony when Mr. Birling talks of the three issues. This gets a carefully constructed image of Mr. Birling through to the audience, that both his ideas and political analysis are misguided. At the beginning of the play, Mr. Birling is giving a speech at the table including the three issues, when his maid Edna interrupts him, and she tells him an inspector has arrived. The inspector enters and introduces himself as Inspector Goole. The timing of the entrance is crucial, as this reveals that behind the dining table, this prosperous middle-class family are very sinister. Priestley uses the inspector to show the audience how hypocritical and arrogant the upper middle class men and women were. He portrays his message to the audience through the inspector. He then begins questioning all of the characters present on the table about the death of a young girl called Eva Smith/Daisy Renton. Mr. Birling had employed Eva Smith at his works until September 1910. At first when the inspector had asked him about Eva he couldnt remember her until the inspector showed him a photograph of her. He then remembered her and explained about his involvement. Eva had been involved in a dispute over low wages and because she had been one of the ringleaders in the strike, he had dismissed her. The inspector explains to Mr. Birling Evas situation, and the consequences of his actions; she was out of work for two months and desperate for money. Mr. Birling shows no remorse. Instead he tries to justify his actions: The girl had been causing trouble in the works then he says, I was quite justified. Gerald Croft defends him; however Sheila and Eric both disapprove. Mr. Birling is also discomforted by the way he is being challenged by the inspector and is especially bitter when he suggests to Mr. Birling that he is using girls for cheap labour and getting his profit from this exploitation. To Arthur Birling, as to others of his kind, workers were there to do a job and it was not his responsibility to look after their welfare. He firmly believed that he was being fair to his workers by paying them the going rates. Eva was getting twenty two and six which compared well with a bricklayers labourer who got eighteen shillings and a police constable who got twenty seven shillings a week. So from his perspective he was not underpaying his workers by the standards of 1910, because most employees took advantage, setting the average pay very low for the working class. He considered it his duty to keep labour costs down and stamp out any unrest among his workforce. However, Priestley wanted the employers to change their ideas about their employees. Although Arthur Birling set Eva Smiths tragedy in motion I do not think he was to blame for her death, because he was just behaving as any other manufacturer at that time would have done even though it was too inconsiderate. However, I did dislike his attitude when he found out about her death. He was too concerned about keeping the story quiet to protect his position in society and his knighthood. Also he shows no remorse for his actions. Arthur Birlings attitude that a man has to mind his own business and look after himself was precisely what JB Priestly was fighting against when he wrote this play. He believed that we should all help each other and take responsibility for our actions. After being dismissed, Eva was out of work for two months and was desperate for money. She luckily got a job as a sale assistant in a clothes shop, Milwards. It was here that Sheilas involvement took place. She and her mother had been valued customers at Milwards and used this to her advantage to get Eva dismissed. Sheila had complained about Eva for laughing at her when she tried on a dress. What had perhaps annoyed her even more was that Eva looked better in the dress than she did. Sheila in a fit of jealousy demanded that Eva Smith would be dismissed; otherwise she would persuade her mother to close their account. Unlike her father Sheila felt extremely guilty for having Eva dismissed. As she says I felt rotten about it at the time and now I feel a whole lot worse. Evas second dismissal left her in a worse state than her first and she became hopeless. Sheila has been the cause of this further deterioration but I feel less inclined to blame her because of her remorse. Whereas Mr. Birling sacked Eva quite boldly and unremorseful and never gave her a second thought, Sheilas action was the result of a fit of temper and she regretted it immediately. She seems genuine when she says, Its the only time Ive ever done anything like that, and Ill never, never do it again to anybody. This is the reaction JB Priestley wanted to get from his audience. He wanted people to feel sympathy and care for each other and take responsibility for their actions. On reflection, perhaps Sheila does deserve more blame than her father. Although Sheila shows more remorse than Mr. Birling, her reasons for getting Eva sacked are less valid. Mr. Birling saw Eva as a ringleader of troublemakers who could disrupt his production and exploitation of cheap labour. Sheila however got rid of her for a far less important reason caused by her own temper, jealousy and spoilt behaviour. She used her power to get Eva dismissed. Gerald Croft becomes involved with the girl at this stage but she has now changed her name to Daisy Renton in an attempt to start a new life. She is needy and considers prostitution. We should not condemn her for this because she had no parents and there was no welfare state in those days for her to turn to, so it was probably a choice between starvation and prostitution. Gerald first met Daisy in a bar at the theatre. He saw Alderman Meggarty (a well-respected person in society) harassing her and went to her rescue. He took her for a drink and a meal because he pitied her and he learnt she was desperate and so let her use his friends rooms. She then became his mistress and they were together for the whole summer of 1911. He finished with her and cast her aside because of his relationship with Sheila Birling Although he was probably fond of Daisy, there was never going to be any future in the relationship because of the class differences. Gerald was the son of Lord and Lady Croft and would be expected to marry someone of similar social standing. This was more important in the early 1900s. Even Arthur Birling feels socially inferior and boasts about a possible knighthood to increase his own importance. Being rejected by Gerald was probably more hurtful to Daisy than the dismissals inflicted on her by Arthur and Sheila Birling because there were strong emotions involved. Daisy was in love with Gerald and being thrown out by him left her not only homeless but heartbroken. She had also been cared for by Gerald and enjoyed quite a luxurious lifestyle (to her). She therefore had more to lose than previously. The drain on her emotions would have left her with less fighting spirit so her future looked even bleaker. Gerald also had tried to act heroically; he seems to be the least at fault because he had given her a home and allowance even though he hardly knew her. Out of Evas appreciation caused love, which was inevitable so the whole situation of Gerald leaving Eva was bound to have happened. Sheila although disgusted that Gerald has had an affair with Eva Smith/Daisy Renton handles the matter maturely; I dont dislike you as I did half an hour ago, Gerald. In fact, in some odd way, I rather respect you more than Ive ever done before. Daisy does not look for a job again. Within a few weeks she is back in the Palace Bar (a place for prostitutes) where she meets Eric. She is thinking again of becoming a prostitute to earn a living. He is drunk and insists on going home with her and threatens to make a row unless she lets him in. He sleeps with her on this occasion and another two or three times. She then discovers she is pregnant but refuses to marry Eric because she knew he did not love her. Also she thought of Eric as a child, knowing he was young and foolish she realised it would not be a good idea to marry him. Although it has been a casual affair, Eric has become quite fond of Daisy and wants to take some responsibility. Despite being from a wealthy family, he is regarded as a child and has very little money of his own and is forced to steal to provide for her. When Daisy finds out where the money has come from she refuses to accept any more and ends contact with him. As soon as Mr. Birling knows that his son has stolen money from his accounts, he is furious. He tells Eric that he should have asked asked himself (Mr. Birling) for help, but Mr. Birling was not the type of father you could ask for help as expressed by Eric. Although both Gerald and Eric have had sexual relationships with Daisy, Gerald had genuine feelings for her and looked after her, for a time whereas Eric, Just used her for the end of a stupid drunken evening, as if she was an animal, a thing, not a person. He also got her pregnant which in those days was far more serious than today. Daisy now had a baby to think about as well as herself and there was no welfare state to help. Also while she was pregnant, she couldnt work as a prostitute or get any other job. This would mean she would be homeless and starving. I personally feel that Eric was most responsible and his actions could be justified by his parents upbringing. Eric is regretful for what he has done, but that does not excuse his behaviour. Although he was not entirely to blame for her suicide, he must take much of the responsibility because he used her. However, he did not rape her; she was offering her services as a prostitute. Also, she could have married him, it was her choice not to. He tried to help her financially but she refused to accept any more stolen money. Maybe Daisy was too honourable. Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton, now pregnant and with no money, turned to the Brumley Womens Charity Organisation. Mrs. Birling and other upper-class women like her used these sorts of organisations to show themselves as very compassionate and caring people within society. Mrs. Birling was an important figure within the organisation. When she interviews Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton she is disgusted when she calls herself as Mrs. Birling, she feels working girls are too low to deserve the name. Eva Smith had only given herself the name of her childs father was so. Mrs. Birling (Sybil Birling) then interrogates Eva calling her a liar and refusing to accept her story. People like Eva Smith needed advice, care and attention, however Mrs. Birling provided none of these. Eva Smith then tells her the father was only a youngster-silly and wild and drinking too much. There couldnt be the question of marrying him- it would be wrong for them both. He had given her money but she didnt want to take any more money from him this was because it was stolen. Mrs. Birling refused to believe her story and was prejudice against Eva: As if a girl of that sort would ever refuse money! She then uses her power within the organisation to get the other members to refuse her help. Although Mrs. Birling is the chairwoman of a charity that is supposed to help people, her attitude is hypocritical because she does not help people who genuinely need it. Also the help she would have given Eva would not have been at her expense. She tells Eva to go and look for the father of the child. Its his responsibility. She thinks Evas case is not a deserving one and that people should sort out their own self-inflicted problems instead of putting the responsibility on others. She is smugly complacent and believes she has done nothing wrong. As she tells the inspector, I accept no blame for it at all. Out of the Birling family I feel most disgusted by Erics actions, firstly because of his drinking, which leads to more and more problems. He then forcefully made love to Eva although he had not raped her. He did however threaten to make a row. He did in a certain way force Eva to have sexual intercourse with him. Furthermore he then does not face up to his problems he steals money from his fathers accounts, then when she does not accept the stolen monies, he leaves her. I feel Eric Birling was the guiltiest of Eva committing suicide because he laid on her the burden of a baby and did not face his responsibilities. I feel this play had a political motive. J B Priestley was a renowned socialist, this play was written at a time the Labour party emerged and the welfare state was being created. This play had a purpose and that was to influence the audience on socialist ideas. The playwright presents Mr. Birling (the conservative) as a disliked character; on the other hand the inspector (a socialist) is presented as a more compassionate and caring character. The other political motive was to change the ideas of middle-classed people in Britain at the time, and J B Priestley warns if we do not try to help each other more wars, and problems, will occur.

Dating Interview Essay Sample - How to Write a Winning Essay

Dating Interview Essay Sample - How to Write a Winning EssayThere are many dating interview essay samples to be found in the Internet. They range from those that discuss the practicalities of dating interviews, to those that discuss things of a more intellectual nature. They are all invaluable resources that can be used when writing your own dating essay.Firstly, the best dating essay sample is something that presents you as an individual. This means that you are not simply a representative of a certain company or a certain person, but that you are actually a unique person with various personal characteristics that relate to the situation. You are no longer writing as if you were simply doing your job; you are now writing as if you were describing yourself to someone else.Let us say that you are applying for a job at a very reputable company and your prospective employer has chosen you as a representative for them. You have done some research on the company and they have recommended you to their employees. Your job application has been carefully considered and your personality fits in perfectly with the corporate culture. You are a stand out and your personality is reflected in the way you present yourself in an interview.If you have never had any experience in dating before, the best thing to do is start out with some basics. Firstly, what is your age? This is extremely important because the questions asked in a dating interview sample vary considerably from one application to another. You may get asked questions such as; 'What is your earliest childhood memory? '.The first thing that you must do is determine your age and then follow this up with the age of your dates. Dating has so many complexities that your honesty about your ages is essential.Don't use the date of your first date as the date of your first date; use it as a reference point. Similarly, don't useit as a reference point for the first time you had sex with her or him. You should use it as an ex ample for your last time having sex with her or him. As a dating interview essay sample, you should highlight the issues that are relevant to your relationship.What is your sex life like? Again, you should choose a question that is directly relevant to your relationship. How often do you go to the gym? What is your favourite food?Your answers to these questions will not only help to define you as a person, but they will also help you to answer the questions asked by the interviewer. For example, if you said that you do not like to exercise at all, the interviewer will assume that you are a lazy person and will look elsewhere for work.

Choose two authors writing about either Market forecasting; Competitor analysis or Environmental analysis The WritePass Journal

Choose two authors writing about either Market forecasting; Competitor analysis or Environmental analysis INTRODUCTION Choose two authors writing about either Market forecasting; Competitor analysis or Environmental analysis , 93) The market interaction of a foothold as a new means of doing business or to interact with the consumer base is a response to the competitor analysis of competitive benchmarking.   The competitor rivalry between firms in the market place is purported by Upson et al to be driven by the use of footholds to enter and leave new markets.   â€Å"Foothold moves (attacks and withdrawals) can-have important implications for the nature of rivalry between firms.†Ã‚   (Upson et al, 2012, 93)   The use of foothold moves may   determine competitor reaction when willfully responding to a foothold strategy.   The foothold allows for a reactant, which is a market competitor to create a strategy in response to a market move from a much larger market competitor operating in a parallel market likely in the same industry. The aforementioned analysis is supported by the following past research provided by Upson et al.   â€Å"Karnani and Wernfelt suggested that a â€Å"mutual foothold equilibrium† wherein each of two firms owns a small share of a market that the other dominates can reduce rivalry, because each firm â€Å"has a stick with which to discipline the other firm† (1985: 90).†Ã‚   (Upson et al, 2012, 93) The same logic does apply when two firms own a large share of the market.   If the competitor to the foothold firm makes an attempt to aggregate a larger share of the market, the foothold firm can counter with innovating within the foothold market by adopting a new technique or methodology to the underlying functionality of the technology that is competing in that particular space, for example, server software. The research specific to the contribution of Upson et al is to reduce the space between the knowns and unknowns   known about footholds with respect to potential importance to competition† (Upson et al, 2002, 94†Ã‚  Ã‚   Upson particularly does examine â€Å"how competitor analysis influences foothold attacks and withdrawals.†Ã‚   (Upson et al, 2012, 94) Competitor analysis is therefore a sequential movement of activity between competitor firms that try to gain market share in either their established market or to a foothold market via retaliation. This approach to competitor analysis is interesting to the current business environment due to the focus on entrepreneurialism and on innovation as a means to business success. The second compare and contrast article is entitled ‘Competitor Analysis and Interfirm Rivalry: Toward a Theoretical Integration’, by Chen (1996). The title ostensibly parallels the same framework as the previous study as the interfirm rivalry is likely to refer to direct competitors operating in the same sector within the same industry. The main function of competitive analysis   provides an understanding that allows one to â€Å"predict the rivalry, or interactive market behavior, between firms in their quest for a competitive position in an industry (Caves, 1984; Porter 1980; Scherer Ross, 1990).†Ã‚   (Chen, 1996, 100-101) Chen points to Caves et al research as the primary theoretical approach used to define the causal methodology necessary to identify competitive analysis. The rivalry is therefore considered to be predictable relative to the interactivity of market behavior as firms compete for greater market share in their industry. Chen has chosen the Caves et al research which establishes the rivalry between firms as a means to measure the level of competition through market channel interactions.   The market interactions are analyzed on the premise that rivalries will respond to each move with a more competitive move.   Chen points to competitive analysis research that does not necessarily distinguish the market as either superior or inferior.   The superior market will be the market with larger or the largest market share and the inferior market will be the equivalent of a foothold market or essentially a secondary/auxiliary market. The clumping of market competition will inherently view any move against a rival as relevant to competitor analysis without necessarily distinguishing the response based on the level of market share relative to the market share held by the rival. Porter’s (1980) five force’s is used by Chen to identify the means to which competition is driven.   Porter’s Five Forces, has remained most within academia and out of the perspective of industrial operations. .  Ã‚   Chen isolates the strategic-group approach (Barney et al) as the most relevant to competitor analysis the strategic-group approach (Barney Hoskisson, 1990; McGee Thomas, 1986) is by far the most popular and relevant.†Ã‚   (Chen, 1996, 101) This use of the strategic-group approach within Chen’s theoretical framework   does point to the lack of a market context that researchers apply to the study of competing firms. Competing firms directly engage each other in the market and to the level of direct competition between each competing firm.   The analysis from the research into competitor analysis relative to the findings of Barney et al reveals that a lack of study between the interaction and the direct competitive responses betw een firms. This may have to do with the lack of identification by researchers of the market moves by competing firms in response to interacting market forces and in obtaining greater market share. The focus inherently shifts to areas of competitor analysis that have remained neglected from study.   Areas where researchers previously ignored the market context that drove business decisions relative to rivalries and competitor analysis are inherently under investigation for further clarification. â€Å"Thus far, some of the most fundamental questions in competitor analysis have remained unexplored (Gatignon, 1984; Weitz, 1985). For example, how can researchers studying competition differentiate among players in an industry to explain each player’s market behaviors?† (Chen, 1996, 101) The aforementioned question is inherently the issue with regard to research competitor analysis. Competitor analysis is inclusive of having the ability to differentiate between industry players and their reactions to competitor moves as to whether each move and subsequent move is a function of competitor rivalry. ANALYSIS OF VIEWS The research by Upson et al is essentially subsequent to the Chen research. Upson et al isolates the rivalry response to be within the possibility of the secondary market or the foothold. The identification of the foothold as a means to check the power of a rival firm operating in the primary market of a two-firm rivalry is ostensibly the focus of the Upson et al research which is a complement to the Chen research.   The authors seemingly agree that competitor analysis is a market research based activity that seeks to distinguish the primary, secondary, and tertiary forces.   These forces do enable interlink between industry competitors and further identify industry competitors as possible industry rivals. â€Å"How can a firm, before launching an attack, assess its prebattle relationship with a given rival and the resultant likelihood that this rival would retaliate? How can a firm gauge which opponent is most likely to attack its markets? How can strategists differentiate amon g a set of competitors to allow the firm to allocate appropriate resources and attention to each?† (Chen, 1996, 101) The aforementioned are more relevant to internal firm analysis than external competitor analysis given the weaknesses and threats a firm may face inherent to its industry and market and with respect to the competition. The question posed by Chen of whether a firm will retaliate is interlinked with the Upson et al research regarding the foothold.   The interpretation of the foothold strategy with regard to retaliatory strategy in competitor analysis is that of a leverage tool to have a competitor firm think twice about increasing industry competition in the primary market.   If the rival does not have a market foothold and is inherently weaker in the primary market strategy, a competitor firm may be able to attack the rival firm without retaliation. The importance of establishing a foothold is identified as the primary measure to prevent retaliatory practice and to which a competitor firm does respond to a rival attack.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Any given foothold is especially valuable as a deterrent in relation to the competitor that has the highest market commonality with the firm that owns the foothold. A focal firm is most vulnerable to rivalrous moves by this competitor; thus, holding a foothold as a hedge against such moves is likely to be seen as useful.† (Upson et al, 2012, 96) The foothold therefore becomes the means of deterrence for rival firms to not pursue attack strategies. The foothold then becomes a defensive tool or mechanism to prevent attacks against the firm from rivals. Even should the foothold lose money, its presence as a possible attack or retaliatory mechanism is perhaps enough of an intrinsic value to protect against losses from an attack where there not a foothold presence in place. Upson et al and Chen draw o n complementary research to provide a contiguous analysis of the issue of competitor analysis. SUMMARY Upson et al and Chen bring to light several issues with respect to competitor analysis. The research presented by the two authors is more comparable than is contrasting with respect to the definition of competitor analysis and the use of competitor analysis in industry and practice. The Upson et al research presents a theory that answers the questions surrounding competitor analysis posed by Chen. The use of a foothold in the market as defined by Upson et al is the retaliatory measure or the gauge to provide a measuring tool to keep the rival from competing too harshly. Chen’s research sought to identify how firms retaliate toward each other as a market move may just be a market move performed by the firm due to the firm seeking to position itself relative to its best interest. Therefore, the move will not inherently be an attack against the rival yet the perception may be that of an attack against the rival to which retaliation may follow. The main comparison between the researchers is the identification of competitor analysis as a direct and indirect means of performing market research relative to the identification of competitive positioning. Upson et al provides the theory of foothold market analysis that complements Chen’s research. Chen will likely agree that use of the foothold is a rival response to a competitor market move as well as use of the foothold as a potential measure of attack to which a retaliatory response in the primary market may follow. The inter market dynamic of competitor firms operating in the same industry and sector is identified by Upson et al and Chen via use of the same scope and measure of framework. The framework of identifying competitor analysis by use of underscoring the firm rivalry and the market moves relative to the market positioning of the rivals is the inter market dynamic that is agreed upon to be the concrete link between the Upson et al and Chen research. The authors share similar business views as they seek to define the underlying causes regarding the rivalry relationship between firms undergoing competitor analysis. The analysis of market activity within the scope of firm rivalries provides a framework to identify market moves and the potential motives behind each market move. Is the firm taking advantage of a market weakness or is the firm attacking a rival? The foothold theory attempts to provide a means to analyze such a question and render an analysis that describes the move with respect to the relationship to the current market position of the rival. The key takeaway is the identification of the importance of market context relative to the firm rivalry interaction and the strategy of each firm as identified by the sequential market move of each firm in the market place. References M-J. Chen, Competitor Analysis and Interfirm Rivalry: Toward a Theoretical Integration. Academy of Management Review Vol. 21. No. 1, 100-134. 1996 http://gatton.uky.edu/Faculty/ferrier/Chen%201996.pdf D Ketchen Jr. A. Ranf, J. Upson, Competitor Analysis and Foothold Moves. Academy of Management Journal Vol. 55. No. 1, 93-110. 2012 http://amj.aom.org/content/55/1/93.full.pdf+html